Roman numerals are used to identify the charges on metal cations having multiple oxidation states. Five examples are provided for practice.

In this interactive object, students examine how the volume and temperature of an ideal gas relate under conditions of constant pressure and quantity.

Learners identify combination, decomposition, displacement, and combustion types of redox reactions. They also watch a video clip that demonstrates the reaction of sodium and water.

In this interactive and animated object, students distribute the valence electrons in simple covalent molecules with one central atom. Six rules are followed to show the bonding and nonbonding electrons in Lewis dot structures. The process is well illustrated with eight worked examples and two interactive practice problems.