Radiography Review
Test 1 - Weeks 1-3
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Topics of this game:
- The propagation of wave-like energy without mass through space or matter
- A stream of high speed electrons
- Tiny particles of matter that process mass and travel in straight lines at high speeds
- Process of converting an atom into an ion
- Unbalanced atom that has gained or lost an electron
- Balanced, neutral atom with equal amount of protons and electrons
- Several atoms joined together
- Smallest unit of an element
- Inherent power to produce an effect
- Anything that has a mass
- Detect dental caries, identify bone loss, locate abnormalities, etc
- 1st Dental X-Ray machine by Victor Corps. Chicago
- 1st X-Ray tube by W.D Coolidge
- 1st Paper on dangers of x-rays by W. H Rolins
- 1st Dental radiograph on a live client by C. Edmund Kells
- Discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm C. Roentgen
- Medical/dental x-rays, nuclear explosives and fuel
- Radon, Cosmic, Terrestrial and Internal
- Natural (background) and Artificial (man-made)
- Any person who positions, exposes or processes x-ray image receptors
- A form of energy carried by waves or in a stream of particles
- A person specialized to diagnose a disease or treatment from a radiograph
- The study of radiation that deals with therapeutic use of x-rays
- The science of making radiographs by exposure of film to x-rays
- An image produced on a receptor by exposure to ionizing radiation
- Maximum amount of radiation permitted for a worker over their lifetime
- Maximum amount of radiation a body is permitted to receive in a year
- Traditional and Interntional
- Exposure, Dose, and Dose Equivalent
- Skin, Thyroid Gland, Lens of the eye and Bone Marrow
- Lymphoid Tissue, Reproductive Cells and Intestines
- Most sensitive area of a cell
- All other cells of the body
- Reproductive cells - opa and sperm
- Frequent mitotic activity
- Not yet specialized
- Children more susceptible than adults
- Time= Higher radiation damage
- Higher radiation dose absorbed
- Effects severity with dose
- Probability of occurrence with dose
- Effects of exposure to natural and artificial radiation sources over a lifetime
- Some repair of cell damage
- Cell injury that occurs after the latent period
- Time between radiation exposure and visible clinical signs
- Formation of free radicals
- Hit to cell structure (DNA damage)
- The study of effects of absorbed, ionizing radiation on biological tissues
- Low energy photon collides with an electron
- Ionization occurs and produces an electron by becoming weaker
- Photons are completely absorbed into tissues, produces a photoelectron
- Ionization does not occur and photons pass through tissues
- Escaping radiation from a faulty tube head
- Occurs when the primary beam and matter interact
- Penetrating x-ray beam that exits the tube head
- radiation varies inversely with the square of the distance from the source
- Reduces the intensity of the x-ray by 1/2
- Density and overall darkness of the film image
- Regulates temperature setting, higher the temperature, the more electrons produced and x-rays emit
- Length of time x-rays are produced when the exposure button is pressed
- Variations of shades on film showing densities of tissues and objects exposed
- Shorter wave length = higher penetration
- Regulates the speed and energy of electrons released from the cathode
- Master switch, KVP/mA regulator, exposure time setting and exposure button
- Suspends the tube head and houses the electrical wires
- Attracts stream of negative electrons as they leave the cathode
- Positive electrode made of tungsten target attached to a core of copper
- Negative electrode made of tungsten wire filament in a molybdenum focusing cup
- Responsible for generating x-rays, contains the anode and cathode
- Open ended cylinder, aims and shapes the x-ray beam, length effects exposure time
- Plate with circular or rectangular opening in the middle
- Aluminum discs placed between the lead collimator and the tube head seal
- Lead glass window, insulating oil and tubehead seal
- Placed in the path of the x-ray beam as it exits, 0.5mm thick
- Step-Down, Step-Up, and auto
- Changes voltage of electrical currents entering the tube head
- Lead glass in the metal housing where x-rays pass through
- Absorbs heat created by the production of x-rays
- Heavy, metal, tightly sealed and sits in oil for protection
- Tubehead, Extension Arm, Control Panel
- Invisible, no mass, weight or charge, causes biological changes and travels at the speed of light
- Looks at the properties of electromagnetic radiation as waves
- Bundles of energy with no mass called photons, travel in a straight line
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