Anatomy Exam 3 Review

What are bone-forming cells?

What are mature bone cells that maintain the bone but do not divide to produce new bone tissue?

What are cells that are involved with the breakdown of bone?

Bone is made up of what two types of tissue?

What type of bone tissue is hard and dense and makes up the main shaft of long bones and the outer layer of other bones?

What type of bone tissue is is made up of a mesh-work of bone fragments filled with red marrow and is located at the ends of long bones and at the center of other bones?

True or False; The structure of bones is made up of Cells, Tissue, Marrow and Membranes?

What are the two types of marrow found in bones?

What type of bone marrow is found at the ends of long bones and at the center of other bones, especially flat bones and its function is to produce blood cells?

What type of bone marrow is found in the central cavities of long bones and consists mostly of fat cells or adipose tissue?

What are the two types of membranes within the bones?

Which membrane is the outer membrane of bones and contains osteoblasts, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers?

What is the membrane that lines the marrow cavity of bones?

Growth and repair of bone tissue, Nourishment for the bone tissue and Response to stimuli are all functions of what part of the bone?

What types of material are bones composed of?

Calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium and water are the ________ materials that make up the composition of bone.

Collagen is the ________material that make up the composition of bone.

True or False; Bones grow in circumference by the production of bone under the periosteum by the side-to-side application of successive layers?

True or False; OSTEOCLASTS are responsible for new bone growth while the OSTEOBLASTS dissolve bony tissue as to enlarge the marrow cavity and keep pace with the increase in the circumference of the s

True or False; Bones grow in length due to the activity of the cartilage cells in the epiphyseal cartilages?

In order for bone to grow in length, the epiphyseal cartilage cells are replaced by _______to form bone tissue.

Bones cease to grow by the age of about ____ for females and ____ for males.

How many classification of bones are there by shape?

What type (shape) of bone consist of a long shaft called a diaphysis (di-af-ih-sis) and two irregular-shaped ends which are termed an epiphysis (e-pif-ih-sis)?

What type (shape) of bone have approximately the same dimensions in all directions?

What type (shape) of bone are those with two surfaces roughly parallel and close to each other?

What type (shape) of bone that do not fit any other bone shape categories?

What type (shape) of bones are usually small, rounded bones that develop within a tendon or a joint capsule?

How many functions do the bones have?

Body Framework, Organ Protection, Calcium Storage, Formation of blood cells, and to serve as levers in conjunction with muscles are all functions of what?

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

The axial skeleton contains a total of ___ bones; ___ Skull bones, ___ Vertebrae bones, and ___ Rib and sternum bones.

The appendicular skeleton contains a total of ___ bones; ___ Upper extremity bones and ___ Lower extremity bones.

The forehead bone, anterior part of the cranial floor and roof of the eye sockets: cavities inside the bone called frontal sinuses are all what bone(s)?

The Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and Occipital are all what type of bones?

What bones (2) forms the top and the side walls of the cranium?

What bones (2) form the central sides of the cranium around the ear; each containing a mastoid sinus, ear canal, eardrum, and the middle and internal ear structures?

What bones (2) forms the posterior part of cranium; the large hole, the foramen magnum, allows the passage of the spinal cord to the brain?

Nasal Bones, Maxilla bones and Manible bones are all what type of bones?

What bones (2) are small bones which form upper part of the bridge of the nose?

Upper jaw bone: two bones fused to form upper jaw and anterior part of the hard palate?

What bone forms part of the floor of the eye socket and contains the alveolar processes, which contain sockets for the upper teeth and also contains maxillary sinuses?

What bone is the lower jaw bone: only movable bone in skull; articulates with the temporal bone; alveolar processes in bone contain sockets for lower teeth?

What are the three types of ear bones or ossicles (2 each)?

________means hammer which is the shape of this middle ear bone.

________means stirrups which is the shape of this middle ear bone.

________means anvil which is the shape of this middle ear bone.

____ - U-shaped bone in neck at base of tongue; does not articulate with any other bone; suspended from the styloid process of the temporal bone and forms functional part of the support of the larynx.

What are the three types of vertebrea and how many bones are there in each type?

What are the upper 7 vertebrae in neck region?

What is the second set of 12 vertebrae, that articulate with the ribs called?

What are the lower 5 vertebrae; largest of the vertebrae; located in the “small” of the back?

What is the bone called that in a child, is five separate vertebrae and in an adult is fused into one bone, and is wedged between the two hip bones?

What is your tail bone called? In a child it is four to five separate vertebrae and in an adult is fused into one bone.

The True and False Ribs and the Sternum are what type of bones?

How many True ribs do we have that are attached to sternum by costal cartilage?

How many false ribs do we have (Lower 5 pairs; upper3 of these attach to the sternum by way of the costal cartilage of the 7th ribs; the lowest 2 pairs do not attach to the sternum and are "floating")

What bone is aka Breast bone, shaped like a dagger and composed of 3 parts ?

What bone is made up of the superior portion called the manubrium, a middle portion, called the body, and an inferior portion called the xiphoid process and is a landmark for CPR?

What bones is the shoulder girdle made up of?

What is the name of the collar bone; is a slender bone with a double curvature; functionally serves to brace the shoulder?

What is the name of the shoulder blade: is located on the upper back part of the thorax; it is a rather flat triangular-Shaped bone?

The humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals and Phalanges are all ________ extremities.

What is the name of the upper arm bone: articulates superiorly with the scapula and inferiorly with the radius and ulna? (2)

What is the name of the bones on little finger side of lower arm; a projection of this bone at the proximal end is called the olecranon process and is know as the “funny bone”? (2)

What is the bone on the thumb side of lower arm; head of radius (proximal end) articulates with distal end of the humerus; disc-like head allows radius to rotate causing pronation and supination? (2)

What are the wrist bones (16): eight irregular bones at upper end of the hand?

What are the hand bones (10): form framework of the hands?

What are the finger bones (28): three in each finger, two in each thumb?

The pelvic girdle consists of the hip bone which develops as ______ separate parts.

What are the three parts of the hip bone?

The Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals and Phalanges are all ________ extremities.

What is the name of the Thigh bone: longest and strongest bone in the body; head of the femur fits into the acetabulum; the distal end of the bone articulates with the tibia?

What is the knee cap: sesamoid bone embedded in tendons of quadriceps femoris muscle?

What is the Shin bone: larger of the two lower leg bones located on the medial side of the leg; a projection of this bone, the medial malleolus, is the inner “ankle bone”; weight-bearing bone?

What is the Slender bone on lateral side of the leg; a projection of this bone, the lateral malleolus, is the outer“ankle bone”; articulates superiorly with tibia; not a weight-bearing bone?

What are the Ankle bones: form heel and back part of the foot; the calcaneus or heel bone is the largest of these bones?

What are the Foot bones: tarsal bones and metatarsal bones are arranged to form three arches in the foot; longest bones of the foot that form the instep (dorsum) of the foot?

what are the Toe bones: three in each toe except large toe where there are two?

Muscles act as motors by reason of their ability to contract (shorten) and relax (lengthen) under control of the nervous system for what function of the Muscular System?

The function of the muscle is the use of muscles causes chemical changes in the cells of muscles releasing heat and energy?

The partial contraction of skeletal muscles helps to maintain ________ and body position

Movement, Heat Production, Posture and Protection are all functions of what body system?

What muscular function is provided for internal organs (viscera). Skeletal muscles form a wall that protects the viscera of the abdominopelvic cavities?

What is the irritability is the capacity of muscle cells to respond to a stimulus; stimuli include chemical, electrical, and mechanical means or nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord?

How many basic types of Muscle are there and what are they?

What type of muscle is involuntary; not under conscious control; under the control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) speed of action is slow and principally found in visceral organs?

What muscle type is voluntary; under conscious control, Speed of action is fast, Attached to the skeleton and moves its parts, Act in opposing groups or teams, each performing the opposite function?

What muscle type is involuntary; not under conscious control; under the control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), Speeds and slows based on demands of the body, Found in the heart only?

True or False; Muscles are made up of Muscle Fibers, Connective Tissue and Epimysium?

_____ ________; the cells of muscle tissue are long and thread-like, that form bundles called fascicles, and are covered in a membrane called sarcolemma.

Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles and are held together by ______ _______.

The connective tissue that covers individual muscle fibers is called the what?

The connective tissue that covers each fascicle is called what?

What is a tough connective tissue sheath which encloses the entire muscle?

Most muscles have how many attachments to the skeleton?

What are are white, glistening cords or bands of fibrous tissue that help to hold muscles to the bones of the skeleton?

True of False; The Muscle is made up of a Body or Belly, an Origin and an Insertion.

What is the part of the muscle that is the main part of the muscle, usually in the center where it bellies out when contracted?

What is the muscles attachment to the more stationary bone, usually the end closer to the trunk called?

Anatomy Exam 3 Review

The skeletal system

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