Abnormal Psychology Review
Hoffmann's Review for Abnormal Psychology Section of IB Paper 2 Exam
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- This conceptual definition of abnormal behavior puts all behaviors on a bell curve.
- This practical definition of abnormality refers to the disruption in one's ability to work and/or conduct satisfying relations with people.
- This conceptual definition of abnormality occurs when an individual somehow violates or rejects the norms of his/her society.
- The extent to which a test tests what is purports to test.
- The likelihood that two clinicians would give the same diagnosis to the same patient by using the same diagnostic process.
- Which of the following is not a Classification System for disorders?
- Which of the following is not a part of Jahoda's Mental Health Model of Normality?
- Which of the following is not part of Rosenhan & Seligman's list of characteristics of abnormality as inadequate functioning?
- This researcher worked with World Vision following the Rwandan Genocide to investigate the local validity of western mental illness concept - that is, was a Western diagnosis of depression or PTSD accepted by the local community as a valid description of their response to trauma?
- In this study, researchers feigned mental illness to investigate the validity of "sane" and "insane" diagnoses by doctors in hospitals.
- Which study investigated major depression in twins and found a concordance rate of 44% for female MZ twins and 16% for female DZ twins, while the rate for male MZ twins was 31% and male DZ twins was 11%?
- This study aimed to investigate the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis using videos of patient interviews and psychiatrist from New York and London.
- Which longitudinal study found that the thinking styles (positive cognitive/negative cognitive) correlated with the development of depression?
- Which of the following is not one of the three components of Beck's Theory of Depression?
- Parker, Cheah & Roy's study of two sets of depressed out-patients, Malaysian Chinese and Australian Caucasian, both living in their home counties found that
- Who proposed that rumination plays a role in why there are gender differences in rates of depression?
- In this study, researcher(s) had formerly depressed patients watch sad movie clips and tracked their brain activity using an MRI; 16 months later 9 of the patients had relapsed into depression.
- What were the findings of Caspi et al (2003)?
- This theory proposed that depression is caused by a deficit in serotonergic activity.
- All of the following are biochemical explanations of depression except
- This theory, also called the Neurogenesis theory of depression, is a complex theory that looks at the role of the HPA axis in the development of depression.
- This study found that participants with depressive symptoms demonstrated visible bias in maintenance of attention to negative pictures (their gaze stayed longer on negative scenes once it was fixated on them), as compared to neutral and positive scenes.
- The study that tested the role of stereotyping in diagnosis by comparing the diagnoses of both white and Chinese-American therapists of both white and Chinese male subjects.
- Study that found that psychiatrists would often not change their original diagnosis that there was no serious mental health concern for the client based on their initial impression, revealing anchoring bias in diagnosis.
- Which study aimed to investigate psychiatric diagnosis in a state hospital (Manhattan State) and found that rediagnosis essentially reversed the ratio of schizophrenia to affective disorder shown in the charts, indicated a lack of documented DSM-III criteria for the chart diagnoses, and revealed significant numbers of undiagnosed disorders?
- This study carried out a focus group interview with Punjabi women in London. The women knew the term “depression” but the older ones used terms like “weight on my heart” or “pressure on the mind”. They also talked about symptoms of “gas” and “heat”.
- In this study, participants were given a paper survey to fill out in which they were given a short description of either a male (Jack) or a female (Kate). The description met the diagnostic criteria for depression according to the DSM IV and the ICD-10.
- Robbins & Guze proposed:
- Performed a meta-analysis of 12 studies using brain scans to compare hippocampal volume in patients with a diagnosis of depression with healthy controls and found up to a 10% reduction of the hippocampus in the brains of depressed patients. The number of depressive episodes was also significantly correlated with the shrinking hippocampus.
- Found that regardless of the symptoms, more serious diagnoses were given to lower-class patients.
- Investigated the reliability of diagnosis using the DSM IV with a sample of 151 participants, consisting of both patients and nonpatients. The original clinical interviews, often lasting up to 2 hours, were audio-taped. The interviews were then assessed by a second psychiatrist who did not know the diagnosis made by the first psychiatrist.
- This study conducted a meta-analysis of studies that assessed the accuracy of unassisted diagnoses of depression by general practitioners.
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