A Timer-Off Application
By Terry Bartelt
Learners examine how a PLC Timer-Off instruction is used in the operation of an automotive paint booth.
A Timer-On Application
In this interactive object, learners view a practical application of a PLC Timer-On function.
AB SLC-500 Memory Structure
Learners examine the functions of the three types of memory used by an Allen-Bradley SLC-500 programmable logic controller: the Executive ROM, Scratch Pad, and Processor File.
Abbreviations Representing Electrical Quantities
In this learning activity you'll identify abbreviations that represent quantities associated with electrical circuits.
Absolute Optical Encoders
The operation and characteristics of an absolute optical encoder used in automation applications are presented.
AC Current Flow
In this interactive and animated object, learners examine the flow of electron current into and out of hot and neutral sockets during each alternation of an AC waveform. A brief quiz completes the activity.
AC Voltage Conversion Problems
By John Rosz, Terry Bartelt
Learners work problems to make conversions between RMS, average, peak, and peak-to-peak AC voltages.
AC Voltage Conversions
In this animated object, learners examine the formulas used to convert peak, RMS, average, and peak-to-peak AC voltages. A brief quiz completes the activity.
AC Voltage Conversions (Screencast)
Acceleration and Deceleration Adjustments
In this animated activity, learners examine the circuitry in a DC variable speed drive that causes the motor to accelerate or decelerate at slow rates. This learning object has audio content.
Active Region Operation of a Transistor
Learners view the operation of an NPN transistor in the active region.
Aeration
In this animated object, learners examine how aeration develops in a hydraulic pump. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Air-to-Open/Air-to-Close Valves
Learners examine how air-to-open valves and air-to-close valves are used in different situations. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Ammeter Circuit Connections
In this animated activity, students view a step-by-step approach of how to connect an ammeter to a circuit. A brief quiz concludes the lesson.
An Impedance Matching Application
Learners consider why an impedance matching transformer is needed to connect an antenna to a television.
An Inductor Opposing a Current Change
Learners read how an inductor opposes a current change when it begins to energize and when it begins to de-energize. A short quiz completes the activity.
An Introduction to Motor Control Circuits
By Terry Bartelt, Terry Fleischman
The learner will understand the operation of motor control circuits used to start and stop three-phase motors.
Analog Ammeter Operation
Students examine the procedure to measure current with an analog ammeter. The use of Function and Range switches is explored along with reading the needle position on the meter scale. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Analog and Digital Converters
In this learning activity you'll examine how electronic converters convert between analog voltages and proportional digital signals.
Analog Ohmmeter Operation
Learners follow procedures for measuring resistance using an analog ohmmeter. They examine the use of the Function Switch and the Range Switch and practice reading a non-linear scale. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Analog Position Control
In this animated object, learners examine an analog closed-loop feedback system that uses potentiometers to control the position of a gear rack.
Analog Position Control (Screencast)
Analog Voltmeter Operation
Students follow the procedure to measure voltage with an analog voltmeter. They examine the use of the Function Switch and the Range Switch. A brief quiz completes the activity.
AND Gates
In this learning activity you'll describe the operation of an AND gate by using a truth table, a waveform diagram, a Boolean Algebra equation, a switch analogy, and a written definition.
AND Gates (Screencast)
Apparent Power
Learners read an explanation of the concept of apparent power in a power distribution system involving motors, generators, and transformers. A quiz completes this interactive lesson.
Applying the Motor Voltage
In this animated lesson, learners examine the rectifier circuitry in a DC variable speed drive that supplies the voltages to the field coil and armature.
Armature Action of AC Motors
In this animated object, learners study the rotation of the magnetic stator field of an AC motor and how it interacts with the armature to cause rotation. A short quiz completes the activity.
Armature Reaction
In this animated activity, learners study how the magnetic field of an armature can distort the DC motor's main magnetic field. A brief quiz completes the object.
Assembling a Circuit from a Schematic Diagram
In this animated object, students examine the steps for wiring an electrical circuit from reading a schematic diagram.
Automatic PLC Counting
By Terry Bartelt, Tom Yapp
Learners study an animated PLC counting operation and examine how the count is automatically reset.
Automotive Electrical Systems: Effects of a Rheostat in a Series Circuit
By Andrew Rinke, Terry Bartelt
In this animated object, learners examine how the way in which a rheostat is connected in series with other resistors causes current and voltage to change as the resistance is varied.
Automotive Electrical Systems: Effects of a Rheostat in a Series-Parallel Circuit.
Learners examine the current and voltage changes in a series-parallel circuit as the resistance value of a rheostat is varied. Illustrations and calculations are included.
Automotive Electrical Systems: Ammeter Circuit Connections
In this animated activity, students view a step-by-step approach for how to connect an ammeter to a circuit. A brief quiz concludes the lesson.
Automotive Electrical Systems: Current in a Series Circuit
Students determine what happens to current flow in a series circuit when the resistance is changed. A brief quiz concludes the activity.
Automotive Electrical Systems: The Relay
In this animated lesson, students view the operation of an electromechanical relay. A brief quiz concludes the activity.
Automotive Electrical Systems: Variable Resistors
In this animated activity, students read about the two general types of variable resistors: potentiometers and rheostats. A brief quiz completes the learning object.
Average Voltages of Pulsating DC Voltages
In this learning activity, learners will learn to calculate the average voltage produced by half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.
Bandwidth
By Dennis Fontaine, Terry Bartelt
In this learning activity you'll explore bandwidth.
Bandwidth Capacity Techniques
In this learning activity you'll follow the process of converting digital data into a series of analog signals.
Basic DC Electrical Motor Construction
Learners examine the internal parts of a DC electrical motor and then text their knowledge in a drag-and-drop exercise.
Basic Logic Gates
The learner will understand the operation of the six fundamental logic gates and the inverter by using truth tables, Boolean Algebra equations, switch analogies, and written statements.
BCD-to-Seven Segment Decoder
Learners will understand how binary-coded decimal information is decoded and used to drive a seven-segment display.
Boyle's Law
Learners apply the principles associated with Boyle’s Law. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Boyle's Law (Screencast)
Learners apply the principles associated with Boyle’s Law.
Calculating DC Values of a Transistor Amplifier
In this animated activity, learners view the seven steps that are used to calculate voltage and current values throughout a common-emitter transistor amplifier.
Calibrating an Opposed Optical Sensor
In this animated and interactive object, learners follow three steps to calibrate an opposed optical sensor. They consider horizontal alignment, the sensitivity setting, and having an effective beam.
Capacitive Probe Sensors
Learners study the operation of capacitive probe sensors used to measure levels in a tank.
Capacitive Proximity Sensor Target Considerations
In this animated object, learners examine the factors that determine how well a capacitive proximity sensor can detect an object. Those factors include size, position, and the materials from which the target is made. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Capacitive Proximity Sensors
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a capacitive proximity sensor. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Capacitor Values
In this interactive object, learners examine the physical facets that determine the value of a capacitor. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Capacitor Values (Screencast)
In this screencast, learners examine the physical facets that determine the value of a capacitor.
Cascading Counters
Learners observe how to cascade PLC counters to extend the maximum count of one counter.
Cascading Magnitude Comparators
Learners read an explanation of how to connect two 7485 ICs to compare binary numbers by creating an 8-bit comparator. Diagrams and charts are presented.
Cascading Timers
Learners study the method of cascading two or more PLC timers to extend their time capacity.
Cavitation
By Terry Bartelt, Stephen Schneider
In this animated activity, learners examine how cavitation occurs in a hydraulic pump. A video clip is included. Learners then test their knowledge in a brief quiz.
Charging Time Constants of an RC Circuit
In this animated object, students view an explanation of how current, voltage, and the charge on a capacitor of a series RC circuit change during five time constants. A short quiz completes the activity.
Charging Time Constants of an RC Circuit (Screencast)
Charles's Law
Learners view an animation showing how the volume of a given quantity of gas varies directly with its temperature.
Choosing the Right Fire Extinguisher
By Terry Bartelt, Pat Jensen
Explore the different types of fires and the extinguishers used for each type.
Circuit Protection
In this learning activity you'll explore how a fuse de-energizes a parallel circuit when too many lamps are connected to a power outlet.
Clients and Servers
In this learning activity you'll observe how computers operate in a client-server network operating system and consider the advantages and disadvantages of such a system.
Clock Pulse Triggering of Flip-Flops
This learning object shows the symbols used to represent the type of pulse required at the clock input to activate flip-flops.
Clock Pulse Triggering of Flip-Flops (Screencast)
This screencast shows the symbols used to represent the type of pulse required at the clock input to activate flip-flops.
Coaxial Cables
In this learning activity you'll examine the RG ratings, networking applications, and types of connections for various coaxial cables.
Combustible Gas Detectors
Learners examine the theory of operation for a combustible gas detector. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Comparing Analog and Digital Signals
Learners compare animations of analog and digital data signals. A short quiz completes the activity.
Comparing Electronic and Hydraulic Components
Learners read about the similarities of electronic and hydraulic components and then match the schematic symbols in a drag-and-drop exercise.
Comparing Electronic and Hydraulic Components (Screencast)
Comparing Hydraulics and Pneumatics
Learners examine the differences and similarities between hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Conductive Probe Sensors
In this animated object, learners study how conductive probe sensors are used to measure conductive liquid in a container.
Conductivity
In this animated activity, learners examine the conductivity of a solution and how its properties affect measurements to determine concentration levels. A brief quiz completes the learning object.
Conductors, Insulators and Resistors
In this animated activity, learners examine why various materials are conductors, insulators, or resistors of current. A short quiz completes the learning object.
Continuous Cycling Tuning Example
By Craig Hemken, Terry Bartelt
In this interactive object, learners follow the steps required for the Ziegler-Nichols Continuous Cycling method. The process identification procedure is performed, calculations are made, and the proper PID values are programmed into the controller.
Continuous-Cycle Reciprocation Circuit
This animated lesson shows how a ladder circuit causes the cylinder of a hydraulic circuit to continuously extend and retract after a Start button has been pressed.
Controlling pH
Learners view an animated presentation showing how the pH level of a cleaning solution is controlled in a closed-loop system in a manufacturing setting. A quiz completes the activity.
Converting Between Gray and Binary Codes
Learners follow steps to convert numbers from Gray code to binary code. They then view steps to change binary values to Gray code numbers.
Counterbalance Valves
Learners view an animation of a counterbalance valve in operation and examine the valve’s internal structure.
Counterelectromotive Force
Learners study how a DC motor generates counterelectromotive force. A short quiz completes the object.
Current in a Series Circuit
In this learning activity you'll determine what happens to current flow in a series circuit when the resistance is changed.
Data Compare Instructions
In this animated object, learners examine three data compare instructions used by programmable logic controllers (PLCs). A practical application to show how these instructions are used in an industrial setting is provided.
Data Conversion
Learners observe animations showing how data is converted between serial and parallel flow.
DC Compound Motors
Learners study animation showing the operation of cumulative and differential DC compound motors. A short quiz completes the activity.
DC Current Flow Through a Parallel Circuit
Learners observe current flow throughout the series portion and branches of a parallel circuit. This animated activity includes calculations and a short quiz.
De-Energizing Time Constants of an RL Circuit
In this animated learning object, students examine current, voltage, and the magnetic field strength of a series RL circuit while it is de-energizing during five time constants. A quiz completes the activity.
Demultiplexers
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a demultiplexer along with the data output and select lines. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Demultiplexers (Screencast)
Derivative Control Mode Analogy
In this animated object, learners view a race of two boats as an example of how the derivative function of a PID controller shortens the time duration of an operation.
Derivative Control Mode Analogy (Screencast)
Designing a Cylinder Dwell Circuit
This animated lesson shows how a ladder circuit uses timer-on delays to cause an extrusion machine to operate.
Designing a Ladder Diagram
In this animated object, learners examine the design of a ladder circuit that provides manual control to a water pumping system. Students also study modifications to the circuit as the complexity of the system increases.
Designing a Reciprocation Circuit
This animated lesson an exercise that enables students to design a ladder logic circuit using a drag-drop function to cause the cylinder of a hydraulic circuit to extend and retract.
Determining Hydraulic Cylinder Size
Students read how to calculate the size of a hydraulic cylinder that is required for a particular application. Mathematical formulas are provided.
Dielectric Constant
This learning activity presents information on how the type of material used for the dielectric of a capacitor affects the capacitor's value in farads.
Difference Op Amp
Learners examine the fundamental operation of a difference operational amplifier. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Digital Circuit Devices
The two types of digital devices, logic gates and flip-flops, and the types of basic operations they perform are presented.
Digital Multimeter/Ohmmeter Measurement Connections
By Terry Bartelt, David Schwid
In this animated activity, learners follow a step-by-step approach for connecting a digital multimeter to measure resistance. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Digital Position Control
In this animated object, learners examine a closed-loop feedback system that uses digital circuits to control the position of a gear rack.
Digital Thermometers
Learners examine the electronic components of a digital thermometer.
Digital-to-Analog Converters
In this animated activity, learners examine how an electronic converter changes digital signals to analog signals. Sections of a synthesizer are identified, and the operation of a D/A converter is demonstrated.
Direct-Operated, Pressure-Reducing Valves
By Terry Bartelt, Doyle Davis
In this animated activity, learners examine how an adjustable pressure-reducing valve can produce a pressure that is lower at its output than at its input.
Discharging Time Constants of an RC Circuit
In this animated object, learners examine how current, voltage and the discharging capacitor of a series RC changes during 5 time constants. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Discharging Time Constants of an RC Circuit (Screencast)
Displacement Level Sensors
In this animated object, learners study how displacement level sensors are used to measure the level of liquid in a tank.
Domain Model
In this learning activity you'll examine how a large computer network is configured.
Dynamic Braking Circuits
In this animated activity, learners examine the operation of a dynamic braking circuit used to quickly stop a motor.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
In this learning activity you'll examine the software operation Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), which automatically performs TCP/IP configurations.
Eddy Current Demonstration
Learners view two animations that show the effects of eddy currents.
Effects of a Rheostat in a Series Circuit
In this animated object, learners examine how the way in which a rheostat is connected in series with other resistors causes current and voltage to change as the resistance is varied. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Effects of a Rheostat in a Series-Parallel Circuit
Electrical Generator Basics
In this animated activity, learners examine how a voltage is induced into a conductor when the conductor cuts across magnetic flux lines. They also view the four factors that determine how much voltage is generated. A brief quiz completes the learning object.
Electrical Grounding
In this learning module, you'll explore what electrical grounding is, how it works, and some real-world applications.
Electrical Opens and Shorts
In this animated activity, learners examine the difference between opens and shorts in an electrical circuit. A brief quiz completes the object.
Electrical Shocks
In this learning activity, we’ll explore the impact of electric shock on the human body.
Electrical Switches & Pushbuttons
In this learning activity you'll review the operation and schematic symbols of various types of switches and push buttons used for electronic circuits.
ElectroMagnetic Radio Waves
In this animated object, learners examine how magnetic waves are transmitted as radio signals.
Electromagnets
Learners examine how an electromagnet is formed. Animated illustrations show current running through a coil wrapped around an iron core.
Elements of a Closed-Loop System
Learners study an animated block diagram that describes the function of each element in a closed-loop system used in industrial automation.
Endothermic vs. Exothermic Reactions
In this animated object, learners examine how the heating or cooling steps in a manufacturing process work to control a chemical reaction.
Energizing Time Constants of an RL Circuit
In this animated object, students view an explanation of how current, voltage, and the magnetic field strength of a series RL circuit change during five time constants. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Equivalent Gates/Ladder Logic Circuits
Learners will identify ladder logic diagrams and the logic functions they perform.
Excess Gain of Optical Sensors
In this animated activity, learners examine how to change the gain of an optical sensor to overcome environmental conditions and distance.
Exclusive-NOR Gate (Screencast)
In this learning activity you'll review the operation of an Exclusive-NOR gate by using a truth table, a Boolean Algebra equation, a switch analogy, and a written statement.
Exclusive-OR Gates
In this learning activity you'll explore how an Exclusive-OR gate operates by using a truth table, a Boolean Algebra equation, a switch analogy, and a written statement.
Fahrenheit / Celsius Temperature Scales (Screencast)
Learners study the process of mathematically converting temperatures between the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales.
Fahrenheit/Celsius Temperature Scales
Learners study the process of mathematically converting temperatures between the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales. A short quiz completes the learning object.
Feedback System Application
In this animated and interactive object, learners examine a heat exchanger as an example of an automated closed-loop system.
Fiber-Optic Cables
In this learning activity you'll explore the physical construction and operation of single-mode and multi-mode fiber-optic cables used in networking.
Finding the Common Connection of an SPDT Switch
In this animated object, learners examine the procedure used to determine the types of terminals on a single-pole, double-throw switch.
Flow Control Valves
In this colorful and animated activity, learners study the operation of a needle valve and the operation of the needle valve with a check valve. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Forward/Reverse Ladder Circuits
In this animated object, learners study the operation of a ladder circuit that controls the rotational direction of a DC motor.
Four-Wire Sensors
In this animated object, learners examine the signals produced at the N.O. (normally open) and N.C. (normally closed) outputs of sourcing and sinking four-wire sensors. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Frequency Dividers
In this learning activity you'll explore the operation of frequency division using several different types of counters.
Functions of Hydraulic Oil
Learners observe the four functions of oil in a hydraulic system.
Fundamentals of a DC Motor
Learners study the interaction between the conductors of the stator and the armature inside a DC motor, which causes the shaft to rotate. A short quiz completes the activity.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
In this animated activity, learners examine how ground fault circuit interrupters work and why they are an important safety feature.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (Screencast)
Hall-Effect Sensor Application
Learners view practical examples of how a Hall-effect sensor is used.
Hall-Effect Sensors
In this animated object, learners examine how a Hall-effect sensor operates. A short quiz completes the activity.
Hand Tools
Explore some common hand tools you’ll use both at home and at work.
High Speed Ethernet
Learners identify the advantages and disadvantages of four versions of high speed Ethernet. A short quiz completes the activity.
High-Low Speed Drive Adjustments
Learners examine the circuitry in a DC variable speed drive that prevents the motor from running at 0 rpm or at maximum speed under certain conditions.
How Adding Parallel Branches Decreases Total Resistance
In this animated object, learners follow an analogy of water flowing through pipes and valves to see how resistance decreases in a parallel circuit as branches are added.
How Adding Parallel Branches Increases Total Current
In this animated object, learners follow an analogy of water flowing through pipes and valves to see how current increases in a parallel circuit as branches are added.
How Current Requires Voltage
This learning activity uses a water pressure analogy to present the concept that voltage pressure is required to cause current flow.
How Metal Detectors Operate
Learners examine how metal detectors function. This object includes animation and sound.
How Pressure Changes Boiling Temperature
Learners study the effect that pressure has on boiling temperatures. Once a liquid has reached a full boil, additional heat does not raise the liquid’s temperature; however, pressure can vary the boiling point of a liquid. A brief quiz completes the activity.
How Switches Increase Speed
In this learning activity you'll observe how switches are used in local area networks to increase data transmission speeds.
How the Ethernet Works
In this learning activity you'll explore how computers connected on a network use Ethernet technology.
How to Reset a Counter
In this animated object, learners examine the proper way to reset a counter instruction in a programmable controller.
Humidity Measurements
Learners examine dew point and the two types of humidity values, absolute and relative, along with the types of instruments used to measure them. The activity includes a video clip and a quiz.
Hydraulic Brake Valves
The operation of a hydraulic brake valve, including the internal components, is presented using animations.
Hydraulic Color Code Circuit Example
In this animated and interactive object, learners use a color code to understand the operations of a hydraulic circuit. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Hydraulic Color Code Drill
This interactive learning object is designed to help learners memorize the color code used on some hydraulic schematic diagrams. Learners quiz themselves using electronic flashcards.
Hydraulic Cylinder Speed
In this interactive and animated object, learners examine why the piston of a hydraulic cylinder extends slower than it retracts. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Hydraulic Cylinder Speed (Screencast)
In this screencast, learners examine why the piston of a hydraulic cylinder extends slower than it retracts. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Hydraulic Directional Control Valves
In this animated activity, learners examine the operation of hydraulic directional control valves and the internal components that divert the fluid.
Hydraulic Filters
Studies show that more than 75 percent of all hydraulic system failures are a direct result of unclean oil. In this interactive object, learners examine the three primary types of hydraulic system filters. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Hydraulic Mechanical Force
This animated lesson shows how to calculate the amount of force generated by hydraulic cylinders.
Hydraulic Oil Contamination
In this interactive object, learners examine how hydraulic oil is contaminated, the types of damage contamination can cause, and the methods used to clean the oil.
Hydraulic Pressure Switch Applications
This animated lesson demonstrates hydraulic pressure switch applications when the switch is connected to a ladder circuit to operate in a hydraulic system.
Hydraulic Pump Action
Learners examine how fluid enters the inlet of a hydraulic pump because of atmospheric pressure and how pressure is created at the pump’s outlet. This object includes audio.
Hydraulic Pumps
In this animated object, learners examine how various types of positive and non-positive displacement hydraulic pumps work.
Hydraulic Reservoirs
In this colorful and animated activity, learners examine the four functions provided by a hydraulic reservoir. A brief quiz completes the learning object.
Hydraulic System Pressure
In this animated activity, learners observe how pressure values throughout a hydraulic system are developed based on pump pressure and the size of the load.
Hydraulic Systems
In this animated activity, learners examine the three main segments of a hydraulic system: power supply, control, and output. A brief quiz completes the learning object.
Hydrocarbon Gas Sensor
Learners study how a hydrocarbon gas sensor operates and why it is used. A short quiz completes the activity.
Hydrostatic Pressure
In this animated object, learners read about hydrostatic pressure and observe how it is used to measure the level of a material in a container.
Hydrostatic Pressure (Screencast)
Identifying Hand Tools by Function
In this quiz you'll identify common hand tools by their function.
Identifying Hand Tools by Name
In this quiz, you'll practice identifying hand tools by name.
Ignition System of a Combustion Engine
Students view the parts and movements of a combustion engine in this animated activity. Each part is described.
Impedance Matching
Learners examine the impedance matching capability of a transformer and how to select the proper turns ratio to achieve this function. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Incremental Encoder Quadrature Modes
Learners study the method of using more than one track and quadrature modes to improve the resolution of an optical encoder. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Incremental Optical Encoders
Learners study the operation and characteristics of an incremental optical encoder used in automated manufacturing applications. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Inductance
This learning activity describes the physical properties that affect the inductance, in henries, of an inductor.
Inductive Proximity Sensor Target Considerations
Learners consider the factors that determine how well an inductive proximity sensor can detect an object. Those factors are size, position, and the material from which the target is made. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Inductive Proximity Sensors
Learners examine the operation of an inductive proximity sensor in this animated object. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Inductive Proximity Sensors (Screencast)
Inductive Reactance Demonstration 1
Learners view video clips showing how coiled wire provides more resistance to AC current flow than uncoiled wire.
Inductive Reactance Demonstration 2
In this animated object, learners examine how a coil of wire provides more resistance to AC current flow than an uncoiled wire. This learning object contains audio.
Inductors
This learning activity describes the abilities of an inductor coil to oppose alternating current and to pass direct current.
Industrial Control Classifications
In this animated object, learners examine automated manufacturing systems classified as motion control, batch process control, and continuous process control.
Instantaneous Current Calculations of a De-Energizing RL Circuit (Using a TI-36X Calculator)
Students view a sample of the keystrokes used on a TI-36X calculator to solve for the instantaneous current of a de-energizing circuit.
Instantaneous Current Calculations of a De-Energizing RL Circuit (Using a TI-30XIIS Calculator)
Students view a sample of the keystrokes of a TI-30XIIS calculator that are required to solve for the instantaneous current of a de-energizing circuit.
Instantaneous Current Calculations of an Energizing RL Circuit (Calculator TI-30XIIS)
Students view the keystrokes of a TI-30XIIS calculator that are required to solve for the instantaneous current of an energizing RL circuit.
Instantaneous Current Calculations of an Energizing RL Circuit (Using a TI-36X Calculator)
Learners view a sample of the keystrokes on a TI-36X calculator that are required to solve for the instantaneous current of an energizing RL circuit.
Instantaneous Voltage Calculations of a Charging RC Circuit (Calculator TI-30XIIS)
Students view the keystrokes of a TI-30XIIS calculator that are required to solve for the instantaneous voltage of a charging RC circuit.
Instantaneous Voltage Calculations of a Charging RC Circuit (Calculator TI-35X orTI-36X)
Learners view a sample of the keystrokes from a TI-35X or 36X calculator that are required to solve for the instantaneous voltage of a charging RC circuit.
Instantaneous Voltage Calculations of a Discharging RC Circuit (Using a TI-30XIIS Calculator)
In this animated object, learners view the keystrokes on a TI-30XIIS calculator that are required to solve for the instantaneous voltage of a discharging RC circuit.
Instantaneous Voltage Calculations of a Discharging RC Circuit (Using a TI-35X or a TI-36X Calculator)
In this animated object, learners view the keystrokes on a TI-35X/36X calculator that are required to solve for the instantaneous voltage of a discharging RC circuit.
Integral Contol Mode Application
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a robot using the integral control mode to overcome a steady state.
Integral Reset Setting
Learners study animations showing the integral function of a closed-loop control system and the difference between the two types of integral controller settings, reset rate and reset time. A short quiz completes the activity.
Interlocking Ladder Diagrams
Learners examine how a ladder logic circuit becomes latched when a normally open pushbutton is momentarily pressed.
Interlocking Ladder Diagrams (Screencast)
Internal Circuits of a Capacitive Proximity Sensor
Learners examine the operation of various circuits that are internal to the capacitive proximity sensor.
Internal Circuits of an Inductive Proximity Sensor
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of various circuits that are internal to the inductive proximity sensor.
Internal Elements of a 555 Timer
In this highly interactive object, learners examine the internal elements of a 555 IC and their operation. Learners then test their knowledge in a variety of exercises.
Internal Elements of a 555 Timer (Screencast)
In this screencast, learners examine the internal elements of a 555 IC and their operation.
Interpreting the Resistor Color Code
Students examine how to interpret resistor color code bands to determine resistance values and tolerance ranges. This interactive learning object has audio content and includes exercises.
Inverters
In this learning activity you'll describe the operation of a logic inverter using a truth table, a Boolean Algebra equation, a switch analogy, and a written statement.
Inverting Op Amp
In this interactive object, learners examine the operation of an inverting operational amplifier through formulas, tables, and animated illustrations. A brief quiz completes the activity.
IP Addressing and Subnetting
In this learning activity you'll review how a local area network computer uses a subnet mask to determine if its message is intended for a computer on the same network or on a remote network.
Kirchhoff's Current Law: Practice Problems
Learners review Kirchhoff's Current Law and work six practice problems. Feedback is given.
Labeling DC Motor Connections
Learners examine the connections of a DC motor and how the terminals are labeled. A matching exercise completes the learning object.
Ladder Circuit Labeling
Learners examine the labeling scheme used in ladder logic diagrams to identify components, wires, rungs, and rails. This activity includes self-check questions.
Ladder Safety and Fall Protection
Explore how to prevent injuries caused by falling from ladders or elevated heights by looking at the parts of a ladder, ladder safety rules, and personal fall protection systems.
LED Flashing Circuit
In this animated and interactive object, learners study how a DC circuit, consisting of a diac, a capacitor, and two resistors, causes a light-emitting diode to turn on and off. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Limit Switches
In this animated object, learners examine the basic types of limit switches and how they are used.
Line Symbols
Learners examine the different types of lines used on a P&ID diagram and the types of connections they represent. They test their knowledge in a matching exercise.
Line Symbols (Screencast)
Linear Displacement Transducer
Learners examine how a linear displacement transducer is used to measure the linear position of a physical object. Animations show the sequential steps of the entire operation.
Logic Probe Troubleshooting
In this animated object, learners follow a process for troubleshooting digital integrated circuits on a printed circuit board using a logic probe.
Logic Probes
In this animated activity, learners examine the fundamental operation of a logic probe that is used to detect logic signals in a digital circuit.
Logic State Indicators
Instructions on how to interpret state indicator symbols for input and output terminals of digital devices is presented.
Logic State Signals
In this learning activity you'll identify the voltage levels produced or recognized by digital logic devices as valid or invalid logic state signals.
Logic Symbols
The schematic symbols of logic gates used in digital circuits are shown.
Logic Symbols (Screencast)
Magnetic Hysteresis
In this animated activity, learners examine how residual magnetism causes magnetic hysteresis.
Magnitude Comparators
Learners view the operation of the 7485 integrated circuit magnitude comparator in this animated object. A quiz completes the activity.
Manual Control of a Reciprocation Circuit
This animated lesson shows how pushing a start or stop button on a ladder circuit causes the cylinder of a hydraulic circuit to extend and retract.
Maximum Proximity Sensor Switching Speed
In this animated object, learners study what happens if the maximum switching speed of a proximity sensor is exceeded.
Measuring Current in a Parallel Circuit
In this interactive learning object, students view the ammeter connections for measuring currents in a parallel circuit with three branches on an energy concepts lab board. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Methods of Producing Electricity
In this learning activity you'll review the six different ways in which electricity is produced: chemical, friction, heat, light, magnetism, and pressure.
Motor Action
In this animated and interactive object, learners examine the interaction between a conductor that represents a motor armature and a magnetic field that represents a motor’s main field. This interaction causes the shaft to turn.
Motor Action (Screencast)
In this screencast, learners examine the interaction between a conductor that represents a motor armature and a magnetic field that represents a motor’s main field. This interaction causes the shaft to turn.
Motor Control Circuits
Learners examine an electric motor control circuit that uses a motor starter module. This activity has audio content.
Motor Loading
Students view a graphical explanation of how the motor condition (unloaded, 50 percent loaded, fully loaded) affects the phase between voltage and current, the current draw from the AC supply, the amount of power consumed, and the power factor.
Motor Protection
Learners examine devices that are used to protect a motor from damage, such as fuses, overload heaters, and thermal protectors. A quiz completes the activity.
Motor Speed Control
Learners examine the speed control circuits in a DC variable speed drive that cause the RPM of a motor to vary. This activity has audio content.
Motor Starter Protection
Learners examine the ways in which a motor starter circuit is protected by a main circuit breaker and overload heaters when there is excessive current.
Multiplexers
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a multiplexer and the function of the data input and selector lines. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Multi-Rung Control in a Ladder Circuit
Learners study the operation of a ladder circuit in which coils on one rung control contacts in other rungs.
Multivibrators
In this animated object, learners examine three different types of multivibrators: astable, monostable, and bistable. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Name Servers
In this learning activity you'll explore the process that servers follow to take a name entered on a computer browser and convert it to an IP address.
NAND Gates
In this learning activity you'll explore the operation of a NAND gate using a truth table, a Boolean Algebra equation, a switch analogy, and a written statement.
Network Internet Protocol (IPv6)
By Brett Sheleski, Terry Bartelt
In this learning activity you'll explore the IPv4 IP address scheme and the planned conversion to IPv6.
Network Topologies
In this learning activity, you'll examine the different ways in which computers and other equipment are physically connected in local area networks and the advantages and disadvantages of each topology.
Noninverting Op Amp
In this animated object, learners examine the fundamental operation of a noninverting operational amplifier. A brief quiz completes the activity.
NOR Gates
In this learning activity you'll review the operation of a NOR gate by using a truth table, a Boolean Algebra equation, a switch analogy, and a written statement.
Normally Open vs. Normally Closed Pressure Control Valves
In this animated activity, learners examine the operation of normally open and normally closed valves used in hydraulics. A brief quiz completes the learning object.
Ohmmeter Capacitor Testing
Learners view the steps for testing a capacitor with an analog ohmmeter. A brief quiz completes the object.
Ohmmeter Measurement Connections
Learners read a step-by-step approach on how to connect an ohmmeter when making measurements in this interactive lesson.
One-Shot PLC Operation
Learners view an animation showing the one-shot operation of a programmable logic controller.
On-Off Control of a Feedback System
Learners examine the operation of the on-off control mode using a home heating example. A short quiz completes the activity.
Op Amp Comparator
Students read an explanation of the operation of an operational amplifier that functions as a comparator.
Op Amp Comparator (Screencast)
Opens Affecting Current in a Series Circuit
In this learning activity you'll review how an open in a series circuit affects current.
Opens and Shorts
In this animated activity, students examine the difference between opens and shorts in an electrical circuit. A brief quiz completes the object.
Opens and Shorts (Screencast)
In this screencast, students examine the difference between opens and shorts in an electrical circuit. A brief quiz completes the object. You may also be interested in AMT2404 Electrical Opens and Shorts
Opens and Shorts in a Parallel Circuit
Learners examine the changes in current and voltage values in a parallel circuit when open and short conditions develop. Ohm's Law calculations are shown, and a brief quiz completes the activity.
Optical Encoder Classifications
In this animated object, learners examine the two types of optical encoders used in automation applications: incremental and absolute. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Optical Encoders
Learners examine the internal components of an optical encoder used in automated manufacturing applications. A brief quiz completes the animated activity.
Optical Encoders (Screencast)
Optical Pyrometer
Learners observe how an optical pyrometer is used to take temperature measurements without making physical contact with the object being measured.
OR Gates
In this learning activity you'll review how an OR gate operates using a truth table, a Boolean Algebra equation, a switch analogy, and a written statement.
Orifice Plate Flowmeters
Learners examine the operation of an orifice plate flowmeter as it is used to make process control measurements. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Oscilloscope AC Voltage Measurements
In this animated learning object, students view the operation of an oscilloscope that is used to measure AC voltages. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Oscilloscope Coupling Switch
Learners read a description of the function of the coupling switch on an oscilloscope and how its setting affects measurements of DC, AC, and combined voltages. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Oscilloscope Frequency Measurements
Learners read a description of how an oscilloscope is used to measure the frequency of a sine wave.
Oscilloscope Frequency Measurements (Screencast)
Oscilloscope Phase Shift Measurements
In this animated lesson, learners follow the steps required to read the phase shift difference in degrees between two AC waveforms.
Oscilloscope Phase Shift Measurements (Screencast)
Oscilloscope: DC Voltage Measurements
Learners follow step-by-step instructions for using an oscilloscope to measure DC voltages.
Overflow and Underflow for Signed Binary Numbers
By John Casey, Terry Bartelt, Terry Fleischman
Learners examine the occurrence of overflow and underflow conditions in a programmable logic controller. It is recommended that users view the learning object “Signed Binary Numbers” in advance of this object.
P&ID General Instrument Symbols
Learners study the types of symbols used on a P&ID diagram to indicate instruments. A quiz completes the activity.
P&ID Tag Numbers
Learners study the types of information letters and numbers placed inside general piping and instrumentation diagram symbols.
Parallel LC Circuit Tic-Tac-Toe 1
By playing a game of tic-tac-toe, a student can review what happens to currents and voltages throughout a parallel LC circuit when the applied frequency increases from 0 Hz toward resonance.
Parallel LC Circuit Tic-Tac-Toe 2
By playing a game of tic-tac-toe, a student can review what happens to currents and voltages throughout a parallel LC circuit when the applied frequency is increased above resonance.
Pascal's Law and Hydraulics
Using the principle of Pascal's Law, the learner will interpret the gauge readings in a hydraulic system to determine when the system is operating properly under various load conditions and when there is a defect.
Peer-to-Peer Operating Systems
In this learning activity you'll examine how computers operate in a peer-to-peer network operating system.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Explore the different types of personal protective equipment, which protects you against workplace hazards
pH Measurements
Learners view animations showing methods of measuring the pH level of a solution using litmus paper and electronic instruments.
Phase-Splitting of Single-Phase Motors
The learner will understand the two methods used to create a phase shift in current between two windings.
Photoelectric Reciprocation Circuits
This animated lesson shows how a photoelectric sensor, connected to a ladder circuit, causes the cylinder of a hydraulic circuit to extend and retract.
Physics Concepts in Hydraulics
In this animated activity, learners view the following physics concepts in action: force, friction, horsepower, work, power, inefficiency, resistance, inertia, and energy.
PID Control
Learners examine an animated motion-controlled robotic arm and observe the operation of a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control that makes movements quickly without overshooting or having a steady-state error. This activity has audio content.
PID Control (Screencast)
Pilot-Operated, Pressure-Reducing Valve Malfunctions
In this animated activity, users examine the causes of malfunctions in a hydraulic pressure-reducing valve and the problems that result. A short quiz completes the learning object.
PLC Counter Instructions
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of up-counters and down-counters for a programmable controller. A brief quiz completes the activity.
PLC Counter Operation
Learners examine the two methods used by programmable logic controllers to perform a counting operation using addition or counter instructions. A brief quiz completes the activity.
PLC Output Modules
The learner will understand the operation and configuration of various types of PLC output modules and how they're used.
PLC Shift Registers
In this animated activity, learners study how a PLC performs a shift operation. The learning object covers data movement, data entry, PLC wiring, PLC shift register introductions, and programming for a paint can operation.
PLC Sinking Input Modules
In this animated object, learners examine how to wire field devices to a PLC sinking input module.
PLC Software Circuit Capabilities
In this animated object, learners examine how to use a programmable logic controller as an alternative to hardwiring a ladder logic circuit.
PLC Sourcing Input Modules
In this interactive and animated object, learners study how to wire field devices to a PLC sourcing input module. A brief quiz completes the activity.
PLC Timer Instructions
Learners examine the animated Timer-On Delay instruction and the Timer-Off Delay instruction of a PLC timer. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Pneumatic Actuators
In this animated object, learners examine different types of pneumatic actuators, cylinders, and motors.
Pneumatic Air Conservation
In this animated activity, learners read about air loss in a pneumatic system and ways to reduce the leakage. The object includes audio.
Pneumatic Air Leaks
In this animated object, learners examine the causes of air leaks and read how to repair them. The object includes audio.
Pneumatic Cylinder Flow Control
Learners use animated needle valves and check valves to change the speed of a pneumatic cylinder as it extends and retracts. A brief quiz completes the learning object.
Pneumatic Directional Control Valves
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of two-way, three-way, and four-way directional control valves used in pneumatic systems.
Pneumatic Directional Control Valves (Screencast)
Pneumatic FRL Units
Learners examine a Filter-Regulator-Lubricator (FRL) unit that is used to prepare the air in a pneumatic system.
Pneumatic Power Supply
In this animated object, learners examine the parts of a pneumatic power system, including the prime mover, compressor, and receiver tank, and how they function.
Pneumatic Schematic Symbol Flashcards
This interactive object is designed to help learners memorize schematic symbols used in pneumatic diagrams. Learners quiz themselves using electronic flashcards.
Potentiometer Application
In this animated and interactive object, learners examine how a variable voltage is obtained from a variable resistor that is wired as a potentiometer across a fixed DC power supply.
Power Calculations in a Series/Parallel Circuit
In this learning activity you'll explore various ways to calculate the power consumed in a series/parallel circuit.
Power Factor
Learners read about the concepts of true power, reactive power, and apparent power, and are introduced to the power factor formula. A short quiz completes the activity.
Power Factor Correction 2
Students read an explanation of power factor in a power distribution and how it can be improved by using a power factor correction capacitor bank. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Presetting and Clearing a Flip-Flop
In this animated activity, learners view how to clear and preset a flip-flop to store a logic 0 or a logic 1.
Pressure Measurement Scales
Learners compare the three scales used in pressure measurements: gage, absolute, and vacuum. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Pressure Measurement Scales (Screencast)
Pressure Measurements in Inches of Water Column
Learners read how inches of water column is used as a unit of pressure measurement. Practical applications and a conversion formula to psi are included.
Pressure Relief Valves
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a hydraulic relief valve and its internal components. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Pressure-Controlled Sequencing Circuit
This animated lesson shows how a pressure switch connected in a ladder circuit causes the cylinder of a hydraulic circuit to extend and retract.
Pressure-Reducing Valve Application
In this animated activity, a drill-and-clamp machine is used to show an application of a pressure-reducing valve. Recommendations on how to properly make pressure adjustments are also provided.
Programming a PLC Timer
In this animated object, learners examine the types of information to enter, and the sequence of steps required, to program a programmable logic controller (PLC) timer.
Proportional Control Amplifier
Learners examine the operation of a proportional control amplifier and the two ways that it is programmed using proportional gain or proportional band. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Radiation Pyrometer Temperature Sensors
Learners examine how a radiation pyrometer converts the frequency of electromagnetic waves to a temperature reading.
Ratio Control
In this animated object, learners examine the ratio control method used in automation when two or more ingredients are mixed. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Ratio Pyrometers
Learners study the theory of operation for a ratio pyrometer that measures temperature. A short quiz completes the activity.
Reaction Curve Tuning Example
Learners perform the steps required for the Ziegler-Nichols Reaction Curve Tuning Method. The process identification procedure is performed, calculations are made, and the proper PID values are programmed into the controller.
Reactive Power
Students read an explanation of reactive power in a power distribution system involving motors, generators and transformers. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Reading a P&ID Loop
Learners follow steps for reading a P&ID diagram of a closed-loop circuit.
Rectifier Filtering
In this animated object, students observe how the pulsating DC output voltage of a full-wave rectifier is filtered by a capacitor.
Relative Permeability
This learning activity presents information on how the type of material used for the core material of an inductor affects the inductors value in henries.
Repetitive Cylinder Cycling
In this animated activity, learners examine the operation of a pneumatic cylinder that continuously cycles by extending and retracting.
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
Learners study animations to see the connection between temperature and resistance as they examine the operation of an RTD. A table is used to convert resistance readings to the corresponding temperatures. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Retro-Reflective Optical Sensors
Learners study the operation of the retro-reflective optical sensor, along with the guidelines that should be followed regarding the target size, reflector size, alignment, and the reflectivity of the target.
Reversing the Rotation of DC Motors
Learners view animations showing how to change the connections to cause a DC motor to reverse its rotation. A short quiz completes the activity.
Routers
In this learning activity you'll examine how routers transfer data between local area networks and the Internet.
RPM of AC Motors
Learners study factors that affect the synchronous speed of an AC motor: the applied AC frequency and the number of stator poles.
Schematic Diagram Symbols
In this learning activity you'll review various types of common components used in electronics and view their schematic diagram symbols.
Schmitt Trigger
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a Schmitt Trigger IC and its hysteresis function. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Selecting a Proper Single Phase Transformer
By Gary Lindell, Terry Bartelt
Students follow the steps that are required to select a transformer with the proper ratings. Voltage, frequency, current, and KVA are considered.
Selector Switch Labeling
In this animated object, learners examine the method of interpreting the truth tables for two-position and three-position selector switches on ladder logic circuit diagrams.
Sensitivity Adjustments of a Capacitive Sensor
In this animated object, learners study the effects of making sensitivity adjustments to a capacitive sensor.
Sensor Hysteresis
In this animated object, learners examine the hysteresis function of a sensor.
Sensor Wiring Configurations
In this animated object, learners examine how two- three- and four-wire sourcing and sinking sensors operate. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Sequence Valves
Learners view an animation of a sequence valve in operation and examine the valve’s internal structure.
Serial-In Serial-Out Shift Register
In this animated activity, students view the operation of a 4-bit serial-in serial-out register. A brief quiz completes the learning object.
Series Motor Run-Away
Learners consider the changes inside a series motor that could cause it to break apart if the load was disconnected. A quiz completes the activity.
Series Motor Runaway (Screencast)
Series Motors
The learner views animation showing how a DC motor is wired and its operational characteristics. A short quiz completes the activity.
Series RLC Circuit Tic-Tac-Toe 1
By playing a game of tic-tac-toe, a student can review what happens to currents and voltages throughout a series RLC circuit when the applied frequency is increased from 0 Hz towards resonance.
Series RLC Circuit Tic-Tac-Toe 2
By playing a game of tic-tac-toe, a student can review what happens to currents and voltages throughout a series RLC circuit when the applied frequency is increased above resonance.
Series-Opposing Zener Diodes
In this animated and interactive object, learners examine the voltages that develop across two series zener diodes, which are connected in opposite directions, when DC and AC voltages are applied across them. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Shorts Affecting Current in a Series Circuit
In this learning activity you'll review how a short affects current flow and voltage in a series circuit.
Signed Binary Numbers: 2's Complement
By John Casey, Terry Bartelt
Learners use this interactive and animated object to examine the use of binary numbers in a programmable logic controller. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Simple Pneumatic Circuits
Learners examine the operation of five pneumatic animated circuits that use directional control valves, pilot lines, check valves, needle valves, and cylinders.
Single-Cycle Reciprocation Circuit
In this animated lesson, the learner examines how a ladder circuit causes the cylinder of a hydraulic circuit to make a single extension and retraction.
Single-Phase Motors: Introduction to Phase-Splitting
Learners will understand how the interaction of the armature magnetic field and the rotating stator field cause the rotor of a single-phase AC motor to turn.
Sinking/Sourcing Input Modules
Learners examine the conventional current flow at a PLC input module, along with the field devices connected to it. This interactive object includes quiz questions and feedback.
Sinking/Sourcing Output Module
Learners examine the sourcing and sinking of conventional current at a PLC output module and the type of field device to which it is connected. This interactive learning object includes six quiz questions.
Sizing Motor Overloads
Learners use the National Electrical Code to determine the size of a motor overload protection device.
SLC-500 Data File Elements
Learners examine the elements of a data file memory of an Allen-Bradley SLC-500 programmable controller. A quiz completes the activity.
Slow PLC Scan Time
In this animated object, learners study the problems that develop if the scan time of a PLC is too slow.
Standard Calibration Procedure
Learners follow steps to calibrate a transmitter used in process control applications. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Standard Transmission Signals
Learners examine animations of the most common transmission signals used in automated systems, such as 4 mA to 20 mA, 3 psi to 15 psi, and 0 to 10 volts. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Stop-Button Wiring to a PLC
Learners consider the correct type of pushbutton to use as a Stop button, the way the Stop button should be hard wired, and the PLC input instruction to use. This animated object includes a short quiz. It is recommended that learners review the learning object “The PLC Examine-Off Instruction” before beginning this object.
Summing Op Amp
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a summing operational amplifier through formulas, tables, and animated illustrations. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Switches and Hubs
Learners view animations showing how hubs and switches work in local area network configurations.
Synchronous Motors
In this animated object, learners study how the internal parts of an AC synchronous motor interact with magnetic fields to cause rotation. A short quiz completes the activity.
Synchronous Speed of an AC Motor
In this animated and interactive object, learners study the synchronous rotational speed of the magnetic field created by the stator of an AC Motor.
Temperature Emissivity of Non-Blackbodies
Learners study the effect of reflected and transmitted energy on the measurement of emitted energy by a non-blackbody. A short quiz completes the activity.
Temperature Emissivity of Non-Blackbodies (Screencast)
Testing a Hydraulic Pump
Learners follow an animated test procedure to determine if the parts of a hydraulic pump are worn.
Testing an On/Off Switch
In this learning activity you'll review methods for testing an on/off switch with an ohmmeter and a voltmeter.
The 555 Astable Multivibrator
Learners observe the animated operation of an astable mulivibrator using a 555 IC (integrated circuit) chip and external components.
The 555 Monostable Multivibrator
Learners examine a 555 integrated circuit, which functions as a one-shot monostable multivibrator, and then test their knowledge. Immediate feedback is provided. Animations are used to show the sequential operations.
The 7493 IC Binary Counter (Screencast)
In this screencast, learners examine the construction of a 7493 IC as mod-2 and mod-8 up-counters. They view how this binary counter can be modified to operate at different modulus counts.
The Air Pilot
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a pneumatic directional control valve using air pilot lines.
The Basic Operation of a Diode
In this interactive and animated object, learners examine the operation of a semiconductor diode when it is forward and reverse biased. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Binary-Coded Decimal
Learners are introduced to the binary-coded decimal, a common way of encoding decimal digits in computing and electronic systems. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Bridge Rectifier
Learners see how a bridge rectifier converts an AC voltage into a pulsating DC voltage. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Closed-Loop Velocity Servo System
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a closed-loop system that maintains the speed of a conveyer belt as heavy boxes are placed or removed.
The Counter-Reset Function
Learners examine the counter-reset function of a programmable controller and how it is used.
The Current Limiting Circuit
Learners examine the circuitry in a DC variable speed drive that protects the rectifier diodes and motor windings from being damaged due to excessive current.
The DC Motor
Learners examine the wiring of the primary components of the three types of DC motors, series, shunt, and compound. The operational characteristics of each type of motor are described. A quiz completes the activity.
The DC Shunt Motor
Learners examine the operation of a DC Shunt motor and its characteristics. A quiz completes the activity.
The Diac
In this animated object, learners examine the fundamental operation of a diac including how it is turned on and turned off. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Differentiator Op Amp
In this animated object, learners examine the circuit configuration and operation of a differentiator operational amplifier. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Duty Cycle of a Multivibrator
In this interactive and animated object, learners examine the duty cycle of a squarewave produced by a multivibrator using a 555 IC (integrated circuit). A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Dynamic Response of a Closed-Loop System
Learners examine the factors that contribute to the delays in the response time throughout a closed-loop system.
The Edison Wire System
Learners read a description of the wiring configuration of a residential Edison Wire System, which consists of a transformer secondary circuit. The circuit supplies two 115-volt sources and one 230-volt source.
The Electrostatic Charge of a Capacitor
In this animated activity, learners examine the conversion of electrical energy into an electrostatic charge within the dielectric material of a capacitor.
The Elementary AC Generator
Learners view animations showing the operation of the internal parts of an AC generator. A short quiz completes the activity.
The Ethernet Frame
Learners view the seven segments of an Ethernet frame and the types of information each represents.
The Feed-Forward Control System
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a feed-forward control system and its advantages over a closed-loop system. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Firing Circuit of a DC Drive
In this animated activity, learners examine the firing circuits in a DC variable speed drive. The circuits cause the current flow through the armature and rpm to vary. This activity has audio content.
The Flip-Flop
In this animated activity, learners view the flip-flop and read about its outputs, the information it stores, and its storage conditions. A quiz completes the lesson.
The Force of a Hydraulic Cylinder
In this interactive object, learners read how to determine the force created by a hydraulic cylinder during extension and retraction. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Frequency Generator: Miscellaneous Controls
Learners read a description of the DC offset function, the 50 ohm and 600 ohm output terminals, and the TTL/CMOS output terminal.
The Frequency of an AC Generator
By Walter Hedges, Terry Bartelt
Learners study the factors that determine the frequency of an AC generator, such as the rotational speed of the armature or the number of stator poles.
The Full-Wave Rectifier
Learners view the operation of a full-wave rectifier which has two diodes.
The Function Generator
Students read a description of the function generator and view a graphic that labels its parts.
The Function Generator: Frequency Control
Learners read how to use the knobs and the output terminals of a Wavetek Model 25 function generator to obtain a waveform at a desired frequency.
The Function Generator: Voltage Control
Learners read a description of the knob controls, pushbuttons and output terminals on the Wavetek Model 25 signal generator.
The Generation of Alternating Current
This learning object describes the production of an alternating current in a generator with a single-loop armature. An illustration of how a sine wave is produced is shown through animation.
The Half-Wave Rectifier
In this animated learning object, students read about the operation of a half-wave rectifier.
The Horizontal Portion of the Sine Wave
In this animated object, learners examine cycles, frequency, Hertz, wavelengths, and periods. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Hydraulic Color Code
Learners read an explanation of the color code used on schematic diagrams for hydraulic circuits. Circuit examples for each color are shown.
The Hydraulic Color Code (Screencast)
In this screencast, learners read an explanation of the color code used on schematic diagrams for hydraulic circuits. Circuit examples for each color are shown.
The Hydraulic Cylinder
In this animated and interactive object, learners examine the basic parts and the linear movement of a hydraulic cylinder. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Hydraulic Pressure Switch
This animated lesson shows several ways that a hydraulic pressure switch, connected in a ladder circuit, causes the cylinder of a hydraulic circuit to perform various applications.
The Hydraulic System
Examine the components of a hydraulic system.
The Induction Motor Slip
In this animated object, learners examine how the rotation of an induction AC motor's armature slips behind the synchronous rotational speed of the stator's field to create magnetic fields. These fields interact and produce torque. A quiz completes the activity.
The Inductive Kick of an Inductor
In this animated activity, learners study the principle behind an inductor producing a high momentary voltage while its magnetic field collapses. A short quiz concludes the lesson.
The IP Address Format
In this learning activity you'll examine the format of an IP address and interpret the octet by converting between decimal and binary numbers.
The IR Comp Network
In this animated activity, learners examine the circuitry in a DC variable speed drive that keeps the motor running at a constant speed as the load varies.
The JK Flip-Flop
In this animated activity, learners view the input and output leads of a JK flip-flop. They also see how it functions in each mode of operation. A brief quiz completes the learning object.
The Kelvin Temperature Scale
By Terry Bartelt, Pravina Shah
In this animated object, learners examine why and when the Kelvin scale is used. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Lockout/Tagout Procedure
Learners follow the seven steps involved in the lockout/tagout procedure. This activity has video content demonstrating the safety measures.
The LVDT DC Conversion Circuit
Learners study how a circuit converts the AC output of a linear voltage differential transformer (LVDT) into variable DC voltage. It is recommended that learners view the learning object IAU7807, “The LVDT: A Linear Voltage Differential Transformer in Action” before going through this object.
The LVDT: A Linear Voltage Differential Transformer in Action
In this animated object, learners study the operation of a linear voltage differential transformer. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Magnetic Circuit
Learners compare electromagnetic quantities with the voltage, current, and resistance quantities of an electrical circuit. A brief quiz completes the object.
The Magnetron Ignition System
Learners read an explanation of how the Magnetron Ignition System uses a solid state switching component, a step-up transformer, and magnetism to provide a high voltage spark in a one-cylinder combustion engine.
The Multi-Loop Armature of a DC Motor
In this animated object, learners study the drawbacks of a single-loop armature of a DC motor and the advantages of a multi-loop armature.
The Multiplexer/Demultiplexer IC Data Transfer Circuit
In this animated activity, the learner examines how a 74150 IC multiplexer and a 74154 IC demultiplexer work together when their data select lines are connected to the same input devices.
The Multiplication of Force by a Hydraulic System
In this animated and interactive object, learners examine a depiction of how force is multiplied by a larger cylinder when pressure from a pump is applied to a smaller cylinder. A short quiz completes the activity.
The Neutral Current of an Edison Wire System
Learners take a close look at the Edison Wire System and observe how the current values through the two lines and the neutral of the system change as the loads vary.
The Open-Collector Logic Device
In this animated object, learners view the operation of an open-collector inverter with and without a pull-up resistor.
The Operation of a Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Circuit
In this animated object, learners examine how a multiplexer and a demultiplexer work together when their data select lines are connected to the same binary counter.
The Optocoupler
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of an optocoupler, specifically how it is connected to external components to provide interfacing and isolation and how it responds to excessive frequencies. A quiz completes the activity.
The PLC Examine-Off Instruction
In this animated object, learners examine the operation and programming requirements of a PLC Examine-Off instruction. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The PLC Examine-On Instruction
Learners examine an animated view of the operation and programming requirements of a PLC Examine-On instruction. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Processor Scan Cycle
Learners examine the three steps of a processor scan cycle.
The Processor Scan Cycle (Screencast)
The Purge Level Measurement Method
In this animated object, learners examine how the purge pressure system is used to measure levels of material. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Reflected Load in a Transformer
Learners examine how the load resistance connected to the secondary coil of a transformer affects the primary current. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Reflected Load in a Transformer (Screencast)
The Relationship of Data File Addresses to I/O Modules
In this animated learning object, students examine the addresses of PLC elements and how they pertain to I/O connections and internal memory files.
The Relay
The Reynolds Number
In this animated learning object, users study the factors that affect a pipe’s fluid flow and how those factors pertain to a numerical value (the Reynolds Number).
The Semiconductor Diode
In this interactive object, learners examine the PN sections of a diode and the diode's forward- and reverse-biased operations. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Shunt Motor Open Field
In this animated object, learners observe the changes inside the DC shunt motor that could cause the motor to break apart when its field coil opens. A short quiz completes the activity.
The Silicon Controlled Rectifier
In this animated activity, learners examine the operation of the SCR, including how it is biased and how it is turned off. A brief quiz completes the object.
The Sine Wave
Using text and graphics, this learning activity describes a sine wave, including alternations, cycles, time, amplitude, and degrees
The Solenoid
In this interactive lesson, students view the operation of a solenoid and read about its application. A brief assessment concludes the activity.
The Spring-and-Diaphragm Actuator
Learners study an animation of a spring-and diaphragm actuator controlling the opening of a flow valve.
The Three-Phase Motor Stator Field
In this animated activity, learners study how stator poles create a rotating field in a three-phase AC motor as a three-phase AC voltage is applied.
The Three-Way Switching Circuit
In this animated object, learners examine the mechanical configuration of a three-way switch and how it operates in a circuit. They also view diagrams showing the use of an ohmmeter to determine the electrical connections.
The Time Proportioning Operational Amplifier
In this animated object, learners see how a time proportioning operational amplifier varies an average DC voltage. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Time Proportioning Operational Amplifier (Screencast)
The Time-of-Flight Flowmeter
Learners view animations showing how a time-of-flight flowmeter uses ultrasonic sound waves to measure the flow of a liquid.
The Time-of-Flight Flowmeter (Screencast)
The Timer 3-Word Element
Learners study the descriptions of the three words in a PLC timer: EN, DN, and TT. They then test their knowledge in a brief quiz.
The Timing Functions of Optical Sensors
In this animated object, learners examine the switch settings for the on-delay, off-delay, and one-shot timing functions of an optical sensor. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Transistor Switch
The learner views the operation of a transistor switching from saturation to cutoff. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Transistor Symbol
In this animated and interactive object, learners use a memory device to identify NPN and PNP transistors. Learners also examine how much the transistors turn on when the voltage applied to the base is varied.
The Transmission of Force in a Hydraulic System
In this animated object, students view a depiction of how force is transmitted by hydraulic cylinders and confined fluid.
The Triac
Learners study the fundamental operation of a triac, particularly how it is turned on and off. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The UJT Relaxation Oscillator
In this animated object, students view diagrams of the UJT as it is used in the relaxation oscillator circuit. Waveforms illustrate how the circuit operates through several time periods.
The Universal NAND Gate 2
In this animated activity, learners examine how various NAND gate configurations and the logic signals produced throughout the circuit perform the functions of all of the other types of logic gates.
The Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor
Learners view colorful animations showing the operation of a VR stepper motor.
The Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor (Screencast)
The Vertical Portion of the Sine Wave
In this animated lesson, learners examine sine waves and alternating current. A brief quiz completes the object.
The Vortex Flowmeter
Learners view an animation showing the operation of a Vortex flowmeter that is used to measure flow in a process control system.
The Work Performed in a Hydraulic System
In this interactive object, learners examine how work is performed in foot-pounds by a hydraulic system that uses a pump and cylinder. A brief quiz completes the activity.
The Zener Diode 2
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a zener diode in the forward and reverse bias conditions. A quiz completes the activity.
Thermal Flowmeters
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a thermal flowmeter used in process control applications. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Thermistor Temperature Alarm Circuits
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a temperature alarm circuit that uses a thermistor in a Wheatstone Bridge.
Thermocouples
In this animated object, learners observe the operation of a J thermocouple with a cold junction. A table is used to convert the voltage it produces to a corresponding temperature. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Thermocouples (Screencast)
Thermodynamic Transfer
In this animated object, learners examine how thermal energy is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Three-Wire Sensors
The learner will understand how to correctly wire a three-wire sinking and sourcing sensor.
Thru-Beam Photoelectric Sensors
This animated lesson shows the operation and characteristics of thru-beam optical sensors.
Time Proportioning Application
In this animated activity, students view the plastic pellets in a profile extrusion machine being melted as the temperature of the heating elements is elevated by a time proportioning control system.
Time-Delay Relays
This animated lesson shows the operation of timer-on and timer-off delay relays used in ladder circuit operate.
Timing Diagrams
The explanation and use of timing diagrams used in digital electronics to graphically show the operation of various circuits are given.
Timing Diagrams (Screencast)
Total Power Calculations in a Series Circuit
In this learning activity you'll review the various ways to calculate the total power consumed in a series circuit.
Total Resistance in a Parallel Circuit
The learner will apply the three formulas used to find the total resistance of three types of parallel resistor circuit configurations.
Total Resistance of a Series-Parallel Circuit: Practice Problems 2
Learners work practice problems to calculate the total resistance of a circuit. Feedback is provided.
Tracing Logic Circuit Signals
Learners follow steps to trace logic signals from the inputs of several interconnecting logic gates to one output.
Transformer Action Demonstration
Learners view animations and video clips showing how power is transmitted from one energized coil to another.
Transformer Loading
In this animated activity, learners see that changing the resistance value of the load in the secondary of a transformer causes current to vary in the primary.
Transformer Ratios
Students read descriptions of the voltage, current, and turns ratios of the primary and secondary coils for a transformer in this interactive lesson.
Treating Electrical Shock Victims
Explore the step-by-step procedures to rescue and care for electrical shock victims.
Tri-State Buffer
Students observe the operation of a tri-state buffer used in digital electronics. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Troubleshooting a Digital-to-Analog Converter
Learners read an explanation of how to troubleshoot a faulty digital-to-analog converter that has a shorted input.
Troubleshooting a Faulty JK Flip-Flop
In this animated object, learners examine the recommended procedure for troubleshooting a defective JK flip-flop using a logic pulser and probe.
True Power
Students read about the concept of true power and view examples of how it is dissipated as heat is provided.
Truth Tables
Instructions on how to use and construct a truth table for digital devices are provided.
Truth Tables (Screencast)
Twisted Pair Cable Noise Immunity
In this learning activity you'll explore how to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk between adjacent wires.
Two-Wire Sensors
In this animated object, learners examine the signals produced by sourcing and sinking two-wire sensors. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Types of Flow Measurement
Learners study the most common ways to measure fluid flow for industrial processes including absolute quantity, percentage, volumetric flow rate, and mass flow. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Types of Pneumatic Compressors
Learners examine the operation of positive and non-positive displacement compressors used in pneumatic systems.
Ultrasonic Flowmeters
In this animated learning object, learners examine how an ultrasonic flowmeter measures the flow of liquids through a pipe using ultrasonic sound waves. A short quiz completes the activity.
Ultrasonic Flowmeters (Screencast)
Ultrasonic Sensors
In this animated activity, learners examine the operation of an ultrasonic sensor and the procedure to perform zero and span adjustments. A brief quiz completes the object.
Ultrasonic Sensors (Screencast)
Unloading Valves
In this animated object, learners examine the internal structure of an unloading valve. This learning object includes a video clip demonstrating the use of an unloading valve in a metal stamping application.
Unloading Valves (Screencast)
In this screencast, learners examine the internal structure of an unloading valve. This learning object includes a video clip demonstrating the use of an unloading valve in a metal stamping application.
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cables
In this learning activity you'll identify various types of unshielded twisted pair cables and their networking connectors.
Up/Down-Counter Application
In this animated object, learners examine how PLC up/down-counters are used to control an automated parking lot gate.
Using Fire Extinguishers
By the end of this learning activity, you’ll know how to understand, use, and maintain different types of fire extinguishers.
Using the Microstepping Technique for Stepper Motors
Learners view animations showing how electrical signals are applied to the coils of a stepper motor to perform microstepping. A short quiz completes the activity.
Value-Added vs. Non-Value-Added Activities
In this interactive object, learners read a description of value-added and non-value-added activities and then place various work duties into these two categories.
Variable Resistors
In this animated activity, students read about the two general types of variable resistors: potentiometers and rheostats. They then answer six multiple-choice questions.
Vector Diagram for a Parallel RC Circuit
Learners read about the vector diagram for a parallel RC circuit. This animated lesson presents information on current flow through each branch, total current, and phase angle.
Vector Diagram for a Parallel RL Circuit
Learners read about the vector diagram for a parallel RL circuit. This animated lesson presents information on current flow through each branch, total current, and phase angle.
Vector Diagram for a Series RC Circuit
Learners view a vector diagram for a series RC circuit and read information concerning the voltage across each component, the total voltage, and the phase angle.
Vector Diagram for a Series RL Circuit
Learners view a vector diagram for a series RL circuit. Information on the voltage across each component, the total voltage, and the phase angle is included.
Voltage and Current Amplitudes in a Parallel LC Circuit
In this interactive object, learners examine how voltages and currents vary in a parallel LC circuit as the applied frequency changes.
Voltage and Current Amplitudes in a Series RLC Circuit
Learners examine how voltages and currents vary in a series RLC circuit as the applied frequency changes.
Voltage Dividers
In this learning activity you'll determine the voltages that can be topped off of a multi-resistor voltage divider that has one main power source.
Voltage Drops in a Series Circuit
Students study the concept that the voltage drop across a series circuit resistor is proportional to its resistance. They then complete a brief quiz.
Voltage Measurements of a Half-Wave Rectifier
In this animated lesson, students view how an oscilloscope and a DC voltmeter measure the voltage of a half-wave rectifier.
Voltage Regulation
In this animated activity, learners examine how the speed of a motor may change if the voltage from the power source fluctuates due to power line irregularities. This lesson has audio content.
Voltage Regulation of a Zener Diode
The learner will understand how a zener diode maintains a constant voltage as the resistance values of a load change.
Voltage Sources in Parallel
The effect of connecting voltage sources in parallel to increase amperage to a load is presented.
Voltage Sources in Series
In this learning activity you'll explore the effect of connecting voltage sources in series to increase voltage applied to a load.
Voltage Waveforms in an Edison Three-Wire System
Learners view the waveforms and voltages of an Edison Three-Wire System and read a description of the polarities across the secondary of the center-tap transformer. This transformer supplies power to residential homes.
Voltage, Resistance, and Current Relationships
In this learning activity you'll explain how voltage and resistance in a series circuit affect current flow.
Voltages Across Series and Parallel Capacitive Circuits
In this interactive and animated object, learners examine how dc voltages develop across capacitors that are connected in series and in parallel.
Voltages Across Series and Parallel Capacitive Circuits (Screencast)
Voltmeter Circuit Connections
Students read a step-by-step approach on how to connect a voltmeter to a circuit when making a measurement.
Volts Per Hertz Ratio
In this animated and interactive object, learners examine why the voltage produced by an AC drive must be increased when its frequency is increased due to inductive reactance.
Volts per Hertz Ratio in AC Drives
Learners view an animated explanation of why an adjustment of the output voltage by an AC drive is required to maintain a constant torque as the frequency is varied.
Wattmeters
Learners examine the function of the analog wattmeter to measure true power, how it is connected in a circuit, and how the internal components develop a measurement. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Watt's Law
In this animated object, students examine the concept of wattage dissipation and the three Watt's Law formulas.
Waveforms of a Triac Circuit
Learners observe the waveforms in a circuit in which a triac controls the brightness of a lamp’s light. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Waveforms of an SCR Circuit
Learners view waveforms at various locations of an SCR circuit controlling the intensity a light bulb. The waveforms are shown when the light is dim, at medium brightness, and at full brightness. A brief quiz completes the activity.
What Is Electricity?
The learner studies how electrons travel from one atom to the next. Examples demonstrate how voltage is created by the use of a battery or through magnetism. A quiz completes the activity.
What Is Torque?
Learners read a description of torque and study the factors that cause its magnitude to change. A brief quiz completes the activity.
What Is Torque? (Screencast)
Learners read a description of torque and study the factors that cause its magnitude to change.
Wheatstone Bridge
Students follow step-by-step directions on how to make mathematical calculations for a Wheatstone bridge.
Wheatstone Bridge Application
In this animated activity, students view how the Wheatstone bridge is used to activate a temperature alarm. A short quiz completes the lesson.
Wireless Hardware
Learners consider the most common types of electromagnetic waves and the kinds of hardware used in a wireless network. A short quiz completes the activity.
Wires
Students examine the four factors that affect resistance of a wire: temperature, length, diameter, and the type of material from which it is made. A short quiz completes the activity.
Wiring Integrated Circuits
Instructions on how to wire an integrated circuit are given.
Wound-Rotor Motors
Learners study animation showing the operation of an AC wound-rotor motor with its external starting resistors. A short quiz completes the activity.
Zener Diode Voltage Regulation
In this animated and interactive object, learners examine how changes in applied voltage affect the current and voltages in a zener diode voltage regulation circuit. A short assessment completes the activity.
Ziegler-Nichols Continuous Cycling Tuning Calculations
Learners examine the formulas that are used to determine the proper PID values to be entered into a controller using the Ziegler-Nichols Continuous Cycling Tuning Method.
Ziegler-Nichols Continuous Cycling Tuning Method
In this animated and interactive object, learners follow steps to perform the process identification procedure for the Ziegler-Nichols Continuous Cycling Tuning Method. A short quiz completes the activity.
Ziegler-Nichols Reaction Curve Process Identification Procedure
Learners follow the steps required to perform the Ziegler-Nichols reaction curve process identification procedure.
Ziegler-Nichols Reaction Curve Process Identification Procedure (Screencast)
Ziegler-Nichols Reaction Curve Tuning Calculations
Learners study the mathematical calculations used to determine the proper PID values to be entered into a controller using the Ziegler-Nichols Reaction Curve.
Ziegler-Nichols Reaction Curve Tuning Calculations (Screencast)