In this animated and interactive object, learners observe how two, three, or four groups of electrons around the central atom cause the shape of the molecule to be linear, trigonal planar, bent, tetrahedral, or pyramidal. Seven examples and eight interactive questions are provided.

Learners observe that the volume of one mole of any gas is 22.4 L at standard temperature and pressure. An illustration shows that only the mass of the molar volume differs with the identity of the gas.

In this animated and interactive object, learners examine the inverse proportionality of wavelength and frequency and their relationship to the speed of light.

In this animated object, learners examine how gas volume varies directly with absolute temperature (K at constant pressure). An example of a sample of gas at two conditions of volume and temperature is used to illustrate the law.