Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas (Screencast)
Learners follow a four-step process to determine the empirical formula of a compound from the masses of its constituent elements. The molecular formula is determined in a fifth step using the molecular weight of the compound.
In this animated object, learners examine the operation of a summing operational amplifier through formulas, tables, and animated illustrations. A brief quiz completes the activity.
In this animated object, learners examine the formulas used to convert peak, RMS, average, and peak-to-peak AC voltages. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Students are introduced to the non-inverting amplifier configuration. The formulas for closed loop gain and bandwidth are shown, and an example is given.
Learners review the three formulas for power and work 12 problems. In each of the problems, students are given two of the three variables (voltage, resistance, or current) and asked to solve for power. Immediate feedback is provided.
The inverting amplifier configuration is presented. The closed loop voltage gain and the closed loop bandwidth formulas are explained, along with the concept of negative feedback.
Op Amp Fundamentals: The Transresistance Amplifier
The current-to-voltage conversion of the transresistance amplifier is examined. The formulas for output voltage and impedance are defined and an example ties the concepts together.
Learners read an explanation of the RL time constant and examine the formula for calculating the instantaneous current value. The current is graphed as it climbs to maximum or drops to zero. Note* In the formulas in this module, the Greek letter epsilon should be the mathematical constant 'e'.
Learners examine the formulas that are used to determine the proper PID values to be entered into a controller using the Ziegler-Nichols Continuous Cycling Tuning Method.