In this animated and interactive object, learners examine how changes in applied voltage affect the current and voltages in a zener diode voltage regulation circuit. A short assessment completes the activity.

The operation and characteristics of an absolute optical encoder used in automation applications are presented.

Learners examine the two methods used by programmable logic controllers to perform a counting operation using addition or counter instructions. A brief quiz completes the activity.

In this interactive and animated object, learners examine the operation of a semiconductor diode when it is forward and reverse biased. A brief quiz completes the activity.

Students read about the three main classes of amplifiers and view graphical representations of the collector current and circuit.

In this animated object, learners see how a time proportioning operational amplifier varies an average DC voltage. A brief quiz completes the activity.

Students read an explanation of the operation of an operational amplifier that functions as a comparator.

In this interactive object, learners examine the operation of an inverting operational amplifier through formulas, tables, and animated illustrations. A brief quiz completes the activity.

Learners examine the fundamental operation of a difference operational amplifier. A brief quiz completes the activity.

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