In this well-illustrated activity, learners examine the three types of intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole forces, London or Van der Waals forces, and the hydrogen bond. Two interactive questions are included.
In this interactive and animated object, students distribute the valence electrons in simple covalent molecules with one central atom. Six rules are followed to show the bonding and nonbonding electrons in Lewis dot structures. The process is well illustrated with eight worked examples and two interactive practice problems.
Learners read definitions of atomic symbols, atomic numbers, and mass numbers and then answer questions about the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in select elements.
The Formation of Ester Bonds in the Synthesis of Lipids
In this animated object, learners examine the formation of ester bonds in the synthesis of lipids using triglyceride biosynthesis as an example. Ester bond formation is described as a dehydration synthesis reaction.
In this interactive and animated object, learners use solubility rules to predict when an insoluble ionic compound will precipitate in a double replacement reaction. Step-by-step examples are given.
Learners assign oxidation numbers to atoms in neutral compounds and in polyatomic ions. Six examples are worked through in detail, and three problems are provided.
In this animated activity, learners examine the terms "half-reaction," "oxidizing agent," and "reducing agent" and follow five interactive examples to balance equations for oxidation-reduction reactions. Three problems are provided as a self-check.
The Effect of Temperature on the Vapor Pressure of a Liquid
Learners examine how vapor pressure is calculated. The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with increasing temperature. If the heat of vaporization and the vapor pressure at one temperature are known, the vapor pressure at a second temperature can be calculated.
In this animated and interactive object, learners examine kinetic and potential energy as well as the first law of thermodynamics and the flow of energy between a system and its surroundings. Students also answer questions about exothermic and endothermic reactions
Ions are electrically charged particles obtained from an atom or from a chemically bonded group of atoms by adding or removing electrons. Eight examples illustrate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in positive ions (cations) and in negative ions (anions).
Learners examine the meaning of oxidation, reduction, and half-reaction, and watch a film showing the deposition of copper metal from the reduction of copper (II) ion by aluminum. A brief quiz completes the activity.
Learners study the effect that pressure has on boiling temperatures. Once a liquid has reached a full boil, additional heat does not raise the liquid’s temperature; however, pressure can vary the boiling point of a liquid. A brief quiz completes the activity.